Table 2 Difference in diet and nutrition patterns and lifestyle in asthma and healthy controls
From: A nationwide study of asthma correlates among adolescents in Saudi Arabia
| Â | All | Non-asthmatic | Asthmatic | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 11,348) % | (n = 10,412) % | (n = 936) % | p-value | ||
Regular number of main meals per day | 9127 (81.3) | 8388 (81.4) | 739 (79.9) | 0.25 | |
Regular number of snacks per day | 9489 (84.5) | 8711 (84.6) | 778 (83.6) | 0.42 | |
Fruits and vegetables intake (> 5 servings) | 1241 (11.0%) | 1123 (10.8) | 118 (12.7) | 0.08 | |
Frequentb Soft drinks intake | 6648 (59.1) | 6063 (58.7) | 585 (63.0) | 0.01 | |
Frequentb Power drinks intake | 2400 (21.3) | 2155 (20.9) | 245 (26.4) | < 0.001 | |
Number of milk drinks per day | 0 | 6136 (54.9) | 5668 (55.3) | 468 (50.6) | 0.02 |
1–2 | 4379 (39.2) | 3986 (38.9) | 393 (42.5) | ||
>  2 | 662 (5.9) | 598 (5.8) | 64 (6.9) | ||
Fast food intake more than twice in the past 7 days | 3490 (31.3) | 3180 (31.1) | 310 (33.6) | 0.11 | |
Exercise for 30 minutes in the last 7 days | < 3 | 8021 (71.8) | 7368 (71.9) | 653 (70.6) | 0.40 |
≥3 | 3154 (28.2) | 2882 (28.1) | 272 (29.4) | ||
Sleeping patterns | Oftena feels refreshed upon awakening in the morning | 2723 (24.5) | 2518 (24.7) | 205 (22.2) | 0.09 |
Age of onset of cigarette smoking (years) | Never | 9233 (82.9) | 8512 (83.4) | 721 (77.7) | < 0.001 |
Less than 12 | 797 (7.2) | 717 (7.0) | 80 (8.6) | ||
Between 12 and 18 | 1106 (9.9) | 979 (9.6) | 127 (13.7) | ||
Cigarette smoking in the last 30 days | Â | 711 (6.4) | 637 (6.2) | 74 (8.0) | 0.04 |
Video game use > 2 hours daily |  | 1510 (13.4) | 1341 (13.0) | 169 (18.1) | < 0.001 |
Mobile phone use > 30 minutes daily | Â | 2394 (26.0) | 2180 (25.9) | 214 (27.8) | 0.24 |
Academic performance during preceding school semester: above average | Â | 10,497 (95.6) | 9647 (95.8) | 850 (93.7) | 0.004 |
Frequenta school absenteeism | Â | 3302 (29.6) | 3009 (29.4) | 293 (31.7) | 0.14 |
Reason for school absenteeism | Was never absent | 2292 (20.4) | 2156 (20.9) | 136 (14.6) | < 0.001 |
Sickness or doctor's appointment | 5442 (48.4) | 4885 (47.4) | 557 (59.7) | ||
Didn’t want to come | 3510 (31.2) | 3270 (31.7) | 240 (25.7) | ||