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Table 3 Bivariate and multivariable linear regressions with ICS MPR as outcome variable and Foster score, age, FEV1, sex, GINA 2020 treatment steps, exacerbation history and excessive SABA use as exposure variables

From: Self-reported vs. objectively assessed adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in asthma

Variable

Bivariate

Multivariable

Beta

95% CI

P-value

Beta

95% CI

P-value

Foster Score

0.36

(0.18–0.54)

< 0.001

0.32

(0.13–0.50)

< 0.001

Age

   

0.00

(0.00–0.00)

0.2

FEV1

   

0.05

(-0.01–0.11)

0.079

Female

   

0.12

(0.02–0.22)

0.019

GINA 2020 Step

 Step 2

   

 Step 3

   

0.02

(-0.11–0.16)

0.8

 Step 4

   

0.10

(-0.04–0.24)

0.2

 Step 5

   

0.08

(-0.08–0.24)

0.3

History of Moderate Exacerbations#

   

0.00

(-0.09–0.10)

> 0.9

History of Severe Exacerbations##

   

-0.12

(-0.24–-0.01)

0.039

Excessive SABA use (above 600 doses/yr)

   

0.06

(-0.04–0.16)

0.3

  1. R2 = 0.082. Adjusted R2 = 0.149. FEV1 Forced Expired Volume in the first second, GINA Global Initiative for Asthma (2020), #defined as either prescription of at least 37.5 mg oral prednisolone for at least 3 days, or hospitalization/emergency room admittance for less than 24 h in the last 24 months prior to inclusion. ##defined as any exacerbation requiring hospitalization for at least 24 h and administration of oral or intravenous corticosteroids, SABA Short-acting beta 2-agonist