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Table 2 Comparison of participant characteristics among children by study community

From: Associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and prevalent asthma among children living in communities with differing levels of urbanization: a cross-sectional study

 

Pampas

Villa

p-value

Sample size

419

465

Asthma status, n (%)

258 (40.8)

248 (45.5)

0.11

Vitamin D Measures

 Total 25(OH)D (ng/ml), mean (SD)

20.9 (13.1)

30.0 (9.4)

<0.001

Demographics

 Age in years, mean (SD)

14.5 (2.69)

13.4 (2.62)

<0.001

 n, (%) boys

341 (54.0)

280 (51.4)

0.21

Anthropometry

 Height in cm, mean (SD)

151 (12.2)

151 (11.8)

0.74

 BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD)

21.8 (3.75)

22.1 (4.48)

0.34

 BMI-for-age z-score, mean (SD)

0.840 (1.1)

1.00 (1.22)

0.04

Socioeconomics, n (%)

 Maternal education ≥ 6 years

210 (52.9)

333 (76.7)

<0.001

 6 or more household members

191 (47.8)

241 (55.0)

0.04

 SES Score

−0.684 (1.57)

0.793 (1.45)

<0.001

Smoking

 Current smoker

11 (3.06)

5 (1.23)

0.08

Pulmonary function, allergy, FeNO

 Pre-BD FEV1 z-score, mean (SD)

1.36 (1.27)

1.31 (1.31)

0.57

 Pre-BD FVC z-score, mean (SD)

1.44 (1.26)

1.28 (1.34)

0.07

 Pre-BD FEV1/FVC z-score, mean (SD)

−0.0296 (1.09)

0.129 (1.06)

0.03

 Either parent with history of physician-diagnosed asthma, n (%)

69 (17.9)

77 (18.0)

0.95

 Atopy, n (%)

293 (71.3)

310 (68.3)

0.34

 Pollen allergy (self-report), n (%)

27 (6.94)

22 (5.02)

0.24

 Animal dander allergy (self-report), n (%)

71 (17.9)

66 (15.1)

0.27

 Ever having allergic rhinitis (self-report), n (%)

229 (57.5)

233 (53.2)

0.21

 Either parent with history of allergic rhinitis (self-report), n (%)

98 (25.3)

114 (26.6)

0.68

 Ever having eczema (self-report), n (%)

56 (14.1)

25 (5.71)

<0.001

 Either parent with history of eczema (self-report), n (%)

18 (4.63)

7 (1.64)

0.01

 Exhaled nitric oxide in ppb, mean(SD)

29.6 (30.8)

23.2 (24.6)

0.001

Calendar quarter at time of blood draw, n, (%)

 January–March

0

191 (41.1)

<0.001

 April–June

0

22 (4.73)

 July–September

77 (18.4)

0

 October–December

342 (81.6)

252 (54.2)

Mean daily frequency of vitamin D-rich food intake in 14 days prior to blood draw, mean (SD); n = 646

 Vitamin-D rich oily fish

0.12 (0.16)

0.14 (0.16)

0.04

 Vitamin-D fortified milk

0.51 (0.46)

0.59 (0.66)

0.04