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Table 2 Summary of studies addressing prevalence and clinical correlates of airway hyperresponsiveness in children and adults with SCD

From: Sickle cell disease: wheeze or asthma?

Study (year)

Study design

Ages

Prevalence of AHR

Clinical Correlates of AHR

Leong et al. (1997) [34]

Cold air challenge in 32 children with SCD

6–19 years

67 % with 10 % drop in FEV1

No difference in prevalence of AHR to cold air between SCD patients with and without asthma;

Sylvester et al. (2007) [33]

Cold air challenge in 42 children with HbSS

6–16 years

14 % with 10 % drop in FEV1

No association between prior history of ACS and likelihood of having a positive cold air challenge test

Strunk et al. (2008) [35]

MCT in 21 clinically referred children with SCD and respiratory symptoms

5–18 years

67 % with PC20 < 12.5 mg/ml

Not evaluated

Ozbek et al. (2007) [36]

MCT in 31 children

6–16 years

77 % with PC20 < 16 mg/ml, 58 % with PC20 < 1 mg/ml

No differences in PC20 between those with and without history of ACS (p = 0.06)

Field et al. (2011) [40]

MCT in 99 children with HbSS or HbSβ0

 

55 % with PC20 < 4 mg/ml

Methacholine DRS not associated with STR, BDR, peripheral blood eosinophil count, or asthma diagnosis; DRS was associated with serum IgE and LDH

Chaudry et al. (2014) [41]

Cohort study 50 children with SCD and 50 non-SCD controls, 93 completed MCT

10–18 years

Prevalence of PC20 below a specified threshold not reported;

No difference in DRS between those DRS higher in children with asthma in both groups; No differences in DRS between HbSS and HbSC; DRS not associated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FeNO, or IGE among the SCD group;

Vendramini et al. (2006) [37]

MCT in 26 adults with and 28 controls without SCD

18–41 years

PC20 < 16 mg/ml in 31 % of SCD, 7 % of controls

Positive methacholine challenge not associated with having a baseline obstructive pattern on spirometry

Sen et al. (2009) [38]

MCT in 31 adults with SCD

18–44 years

48 % with PC20 < 16 mg/ml, 42 % with PC20 < 4 mg/ml

Significant association between the number of retrospective ACS events and having a positive methacholine challenge

  1. Abbreviations: ACS acute chest syndrome, BDR bronchodilator responsiveness, DRS dose response slope, MCT methacholine challenge test, PC 20 provocative concentration dose associated with a 20 % drop in FEV1; SCD sickle cell disease, STR skin test reactivity