Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics
CASE group (NPE development) | CONTROL group (No NPE development) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 13,206 (41.4%) | 13,221 (41.4%) | 0.90 |
Female | 18,716 (58.6%) | 18,701 (58.6%) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 72.7 (6.6) | 72.6 (6.6) | 0.11 |
Age group | |||
60s | 11,483 (36.0%) | 11,459 (35.9%) | 0.10 |
70s | 15,227 (47.7%) | 15,440 (48.4%) | |
80s | 4824 (15.1%) | 4619 (14.5%) | |
90s | 388 (1.2%) | 404 (1.3%) | |
Income level | |||
Q0-Q2 | 8248 (25.8%) | 8038 (25.2%) | 0.11 |
Q3-Q5 | 5465 (17.1%) | 5643 (17.7%) | |
Q6-Q8 | 8046 (25.2%) | 8117 (25.4%) | |
Q9-Q10 | 10,163 (31.8%) | 10,124 (31.7%) | |
LTMA use | |||
Yes | 3225 (10.1%) | 2115 (6.6%) | < 0.01 |
No | 28,697 (89.9%) | 29,807 (93.4%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
CCI score, mean (SD) | 2.52 (2.14) | 2.51 (2.19) | 0.55 |
Group 1 (0) | 3320 (10.4%) | 3489 (10.9%) | 0.06 |
Group 2 (2 ≥ cci ≥1) | 16,161 (50.6%) | 16,173 (50.7%) | |
Group 3 (cci ≥ 3) | 12,441 (39.0%) | 12,260 (38.4%) | |
Myocardial infarction | |||
Yes | 971 (3.0%) | 935 (2.9%) | 0.40 |
No | 30,951 (97.0%) | 30,987 (97.1%) | |
Congestive heart failure | |||
Yes | 3610 (11.3%) | 3560 (11.1%) | 0.53 |
No | 28,312 (88.7%) | 28,362 (88.9%) | |
Arrhythmia | |||
Yes | 2131 (6.7%) | 2070 (6.5%) | 0.33 |
No | 29,791 (93.3%) | 29,852 (93.5%) | |
Hypertension | |||
Yes | 19,563 (61.3%) | 19,882 (62.3%) | < 0.01 |
No | 12,359 (38.7%) | 12,040 (37.7%) | |
Dyslipidemia | |||
Yes | 9630 (30.2%) | 9510 (29.8%) | 0.30 |
No | 22,292 (69.8%) | 22,412 (70.2%) | |
Peripheral vascular disease | |||
Yes | 5080 (15.9%) | 4892 (15.3%) | 0.04 |
No | 26,842 (84.1%) | 27,030 (84.7%) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | |||
Yes | 5289 (16.6%) | 5108 (16.0%) | 0.05 |
No | 26,633 (83.4%) | 26,814 (84.0%) | |
Dementia | |||
Yes | 1745 (5.5%) | 1495 (4.7%) | < 0.01 |
No | 30,177 (94.5%) | 30,427 (95.3%) | |
Parkinson’s disease | |||
Yes | 422 (1.3%) | 374 (1.2%) | 0.09 |
No | 31,500 (98.7%) | 31,548 (98.8%) | |
Chronic pulmonary disease | |||
Yes | 19,022 (59.6%) | 19,449 (60.9%) | < 0.01 |
No | 12,900 (40.4%) | 12,473 (39.1%) | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | |||
Yes | 1779 (5.6%) | 1789 (5.6%) | 0.86 |
No | 30,143 (94.4%) | 30,133 (94.4%) | |
Peptic ulcer disease | |||
Yes | 10,512 (32.9%) | 10,402 (32.6%) | 0.35 |
No | 21,410 (67.1%) | 21,520 (67.4%) | |
Liver disease | |||
Yes | 6378 (20.0%) | 6263 (19.6%) | 0.25 |
No | 25,544 (80.0%) | 25,659 (80.4%) | |
Diabetes mellitus | |||
Yes | 8547 (26.8%) | 8434 (26.4%) | 0.31 |
No | 23,375 (73.2%) | 23,488 (73.6%) | |
Hemiplegia or Paraplegia | |||
Yes | 677 (2.1%) | 640 (2.0%) | 0.30 |
No | 31,245 (97.9%) | 31,282 (98.0%) | |
Renal disease | |||
Yes | 644 (2.0%) | 622 (2.0%) | 0.53 |
No | 31,278 (98.0%) | 31,300 (98.0%) | |
Malignancy | |||
Yes | 2915 (9.1%) | 2938 (9.2%) | 0.75 |
No | 29,007 (90.9%) | 28,984 (90.8%) | |
HIV | |||
Yes | 3 (0.01%) | 2 (0.02) | 0.65 |
No | 31,919 (99.9%) | 31,920 (99.99%) | |